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          Hive 数据类型和存储格式
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        <p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://bigdata-star.com/archives/1013">【Hive教程】（二）Hive数据类型和存储格式</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+Types">Apache Software Foundation</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/sl1992/article/details/53894481?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-2.channel_param&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-2.channel_param">Hive复合数据类型array,map,struct的使用_Life is for sharing的博客-CSDN博客</a></p>
<h1 id="HIVE数据类型"><a href="#HIVE数据类型" class="headerlink" title="HIVE数据类型"></a><strong>HIVE数据类型</strong></h1><p>毕竟HIVE穿着SQL的外壳，肯定支持诸如Mysql这种RDBMS的数据类型，如<code>int</code>,<code>varchar</code>,但是它还具有非常多自有的数据类型，包括复杂的数据类型（数组，Map等）也是支持的！</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/littlefxc/oss/raw/master/images/Untitled.png" alt="Hive 支持的数据类型 - 摘自官网wiki"></p>
<p>数字类型，日期类型，String类型，Boolean类型我们都是比较熟悉的，也比较简单，就不讲解了。演示一下复杂数据类型：</p>
<h2 id="arrays"><a href="#arrays" class="headerlink" title="arrays"></a>arrays</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hive (hive)<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">create</span> <span class="keyword">table</span> arraytest (id <span class="type">int</span>,course <span class="keyword">array</span><span class="operator">&lt;</span>string<span class="operator">&gt;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">           <span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="type">row</span> format delimited fields terminated <span class="keyword">by</span><span class="string">&#x27;,&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">           <span class="operator">&gt;</span> collection items terminated <span class="keyword">by</span><span class="string">&#x27;:&#x27;</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>说明：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>row format delimited fields terminated by&#39;,&#39;</code> 是指定列与列之间的分隔符,此处为”,”</li>
<li><code>collection items terminated by&#39;:&#39;</code> 是指定集合内元素之间的分隔符,此处为”：”</li>
</ul>
<p>因此我们要导入到hive中的数据应该是形如：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1,math:chinese</span><br><span class="line">2,english:history</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>数据加载到数据库</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hive<span class="operator">&gt;</span> load data <span class="keyword">local</span> inpath <span class="string">&#x27;/Users/fengxuechao/WorkSpace/software/hive_data/arraytest.txt&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">into</span> <span class="keyword">table</span> arraytest;</span><br><span class="line">Loading data <span class="keyword">to</span> <span class="keyword">table</span> default.arraytest</span><br><span class="line">OK</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Time</span> taken: <span class="number">0.963</span> seconds</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>查询所有数据：</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hive<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">select</span> <span class="operator">*</span> <span class="keyword">from</span> arraytest;</span><br><span class="line">OK</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span>	[&quot;math&quot;,&quot;chinese&quot;]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">2</span>	[&quot;english&quot;,&quot;history&quot;]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Time</span> taken: <span class="number">1.297</span> seconds, Fetched: <span class="number">2</span> <span class="type">row</span>(s)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>查询数组指定索引的所有数据：</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hive<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">select</span> course[<span class="number">1</span>] <span class="keyword">from</span> arraytest;</span><br><span class="line">OK</span><br><span class="line">chinese</span><br><span class="line">history</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Time</span> taken: <span class="number">0.364</span> seconds, Fetched: <span class="number">2</span> <span class="type">row</span>(s)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="maps"><a href="#maps" class="headerlink" title="maps"></a>maps</h2><p>创建表</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hive<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">create</span> <span class="keyword">table</span> maptest(name string,score map<span class="operator">&lt;</span>string,<span class="type">float</span><span class="operator">&gt;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="type">row</span> format delimited fields terminated <span class="keyword">by</span><span class="string">&#x27;,&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="operator">&gt;</span> collection items terminated <span class="keyword">by</span> <span class="string">&#x27;|&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="operator">&gt;</span> map keys terminated <span class="keyword">by</span><span class="string">&#x27;:&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">OK</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Time</span> taken: <span class="number">0.046</span> seconds</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>数据</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">&#x27;小明&#x27;</span>,math:<span class="number">96</span><span class="operator">|</span>chinese:<span class="number">95</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&#x27;小红&#x27;</span>,math:<span class="number">80</span><span class="operator">|</span>chinese:<span class="number">99</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>数据加载到数据库</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hive<span class="operator">&gt;</span> load data <span class="keyword">local</span> inpath <span class="string">&#x27;/Users/fengxuechao/WorkSpace/software/hive_data/maptest.txt&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">into</span> <span class="keyword">table</span> maptest;</span><br><span class="line">Loading data <span class="keyword">to</span> <span class="keyword">table</span> default.maptest</span><br><span class="line">OK</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Time</span> taken: <span class="number">0.293</span> seconds</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>查询所有数据：</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hive<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">select</span> <span class="operator">*</span> <span class="keyword">from</span> maptest;</span><br><span class="line">OK</span><br><span class="line">&#x27;小明&#x27;	&#123;&quot;math&quot;:96.0,&quot;chinese&quot;:95.5&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#x27;小红&#x27;	&#123;&quot;math&quot;:80.0,&quot;chinese&quot;:99.0&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Time</span> taken: <span class="number">0.1</span> seconds, Fetched: <span class="number">2</span> <span class="type">row</span>(s)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>查询数组指定key的所有数据：</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hive<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">select</span> name,score[<span class="string">&#x27;math&#x27;</span>] <span class="keyword">from</span> maptest;</span><br><span class="line">OK</span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&#x27;小明&#x27;</span>	<span class="number">96.0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&#x27;小红&#x27;</span>	<span class="number">80.0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Time</span> taken: <span class="number">0.112</span> seconds, Fetched: <span class="number">2</span> <span class="type">row</span>(s)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="structs"><a href="#structs" class="headerlink" title="structs"></a>structs</h2><p>创建表</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hive<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">create</span> <span class="keyword">table</span> struct_test(name string,course struct<span class="operator">&lt;</span>course:string,score:<span class="type">int</span><span class="operator">&gt;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="type">row</span> format delimited fields terminated <span class="keyword">by</span> <span class="string">&#x27;,&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="operator">&gt;</span> collection items terminated <span class="keyword">by</span> <span class="string">&#x27;:&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">OK</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Time</span> taken: <span class="number">0.047</span> seconds</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>数据</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">小明,math:<span class="number">79</span></span><br><span class="line">小红,math:<span class="number">80</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>数据加载到数据库</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hive<span class="operator">&gt;</span> load data <span class="keyword">local</span> inpath <span class="string">&#x27;/Users/fengxuechao/WorkSpace/software/hive_data/struct_test.txt&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">into</span> <span class="keyword">table</span> struct_test;</span><br><span class="line">Loading data <span class="keyword">to</span> <span class="keyword">table</span> default.struct_test</span><br><span class="line">OK</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Time</span> taken: <span class="number">0.293</span> seconds</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>查询所有数据：</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hive<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">select</span> <span class="operator">*</span> <span class="keyword">from</span> struct_test;</span><br><span class="line">OK</span><br><span class="line">小明	&#123;&quot;course&quot;:&quot;math&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:79&#125;</span><br><span class="line">小红	&#123;&quot;course&quot;:&quot;math&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:80&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Time</span> taken: <span class="number">0.097</span> seconds, Fetched: <span class="number">2</span> <span class="type">row</span>(s)</span><br><span class="line">hive<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">select</span> name,course.course,course.score <span class="keyword">from</span> struct_test;</span><br><span class="line">OK</span><br><span class="line">小明	math	<span class="number">79</span></span><br><span class="line">小红	math	<span class="number">80</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Time</span> taken: <span class="number">0.213</span> seconds, Fetched: <span class="number">2</span> <span class="type">row</span>(s)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

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